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mot d'introduction

Толкование Перевод

1 introduction

introduction [ɛ̃tʀɔdyksjɔ̃]

feminine noun

   a. introduction

• en (guise d')introduction by way of introduction

• lettre d'introduction letter of introduction

   b. [d'objet] insertion

   c. ( = lancement) launching

* * *
ɛ̃tʀɔdyksjɔ̃
nom féminin

1) Littérature, Musique ( préliminaire) introduction (à, de to)

2) (d'objet, sonde, clé) insertion ( dans into)

3) ( de visiteur) ushering ( dans into)

4) ( présentation)

une lettre d'introduction auprès de quelqu'un — a letter of introduction to somebody

5) (de mode, produit, mesure) introduction

6) ( importation illicite)

introduction de substances illicites — smuggling in illegal substances

7) ( initiation) introduction (à to)

* * *
ɛ̃tʀɔdyksjɔ̃ nf
introduction

paroles d'introduction — introductory words

chapitre d'introduction — introductory chapter

lettre d'introduction — letter of introduction

mot d'introduction — introductory note

* * *

introduction nf

1 (d'objet, sonde, clé) insertion (dans into);

2 ( de visiteur) ushering (dans into); introduction des visiteurs ushering in of the guests;

3 ( présentation) il s'est chargé de mon introduction auprès du grand patron he got me introduced to the big boss; une lettre d'introduction auprès de qn a letter of introduction to sb;

4 (de mode, sport, produit, mesure, technique) introduction;

5 ( importation) introduction de substances illicites smuggling of illegal substances;

6 Littérat, Mus ( préliminaire) introduction (à, de to); l'introduction d'un livre the introduction to a book;

7 ( initiation) introduction; introduction à la physique nucléaire introduction to nuclear physics.

Composés

introduction en Bourse Fin listing; introduction d'instance Jur institution of legal proceedings.

[ɛ̃trɔdyksjɔ̃] nom féminin

1. [préambule] introduction

une introduction à la littérature an introduction to literature

quelques mots d'introduction a few introductory remarks

2. [contact] introduction

après leur introduction auprès de l'attaché after they were introduced to the attaché

3. [importation] importing

[adoption - d'un mot, d'un règlement] introduction

introduction en France de techniques nouvelles/de drogues dures introducing new techniques/smuggling hard drugs into France

4. BOURSE

introduction en Bourse listing on the stock market

5. SPORT put-in

Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > introduction
2 lettre

lettre [lεtʀ]

1. feminine noun

   a. ( = caractère) letter

• écrivez la somme en (toutes) lettres write out the sum in full

• c'est en toutes lettres dans les journaux it's there in black and white in the newspapers

   b. ( = missive) letter

• prendre qch au pied de la lettre to take sth literally

• rester lettre morte to go unheeded

• Anne Lemoine, féministe avant la lettre Anne Lemoine, a feminist before the term existed

2. plural feminine noun

lettres

   a. ( = littérature) les (belles) lettres literature

   b. (à l'université, au collège) arts subjects ; ( = français) French

• professeur de lettres French teacher

• lettres classiques classics sg

• lettres modernes ( = discipline) French

3. compounds

► lettre d'amour love letter

► lettre de change bill of exchange

► lettres de noblesse

• donner ses lettres de noblesse à to lend credibility to ► lettre ouverte open letter

► lettre de rappel reminder

► lettre de recommandation letter of recommendation

► lettre de rupture letter ending a relationship

* * *
lɛtʀ
1.

nom féminin

1) ( signe graphique) letter

lettre minuscule — small letter

lettre majuscule or capitale — capital letter

lettre d'imprimerie — block letter

un mot de trois lettres — a three-letter word

en toutes lettres — lit in full

c'est écrit en toutes lettres dans le rapport — fig it's down in black and white in the report

les Romains furent des urbanistes avant la lettre — the Romans were city planners before the concept was invented

2) ( écrit adressé) letter

lettre de réclamation — letter of complaint

lettre de rupture — letter ending a relationship

une petite lettre — a note

3) ( contenu d'un texte) letter

à la lettre, au pied de la lettre — [appliquer, suivre] to the letter

il prend à la lettre tout ce qu'on lui dit — he takes everything you say literally

2.

lettres nom féminin pluriel

1) Université, École ( français) French; ( plus général) arts GB, humanities US

étudiant en lettres — ( français) student reading French GB, student majoring in French US; ( plus général) arts GB ou humanities US student

docteur ès lettres — ≈ Doctor of Philosophy

2) ( culture littéraire) letters

femme de lettres — woman of letters

les gens de lettres — writers

avoir des lettres — to be well read

•

Phrasal Verbs:

- lettre ouverte

- lettre recommandée

- lettres classiques

- lettres modernes

••

passer comme une lettre à la poste — (colloq) [réforme] to go through smoothly; [excuse] to be accepted without any questions

devenir lettre morte — to become a dead letter

rester lettre morte — to go unheeded

* * *
lɛtʀ
1. nf

1) [alphabet] letter

en lettres majuscules; en lettres capitales — in capital letters, in capitals

en toutes lettres — in full

2) (= courrier) letter

écrire une lettre — to write a letter

3) (autres locutions)

à la lettre — to the letter

avant la lettre — before the term existed, before the term was coined

..., écologiste avant la lettre —..., an ecologist before the term existed,..., an ecologist before the term was coined

2. lettres nfpl

1) (culture)

avoir des lettres — to be well read

2) (= littérature) literature sg

3) ÉDUCATION arts subjects

* * *

lettre

A nf

1 ( signe graphique) letter; les lettres de l'alphabet the letters of the alphabet; lettre minuscule small letter; lettre majuscule or capitale capital letter; lettre d'imprimerie block letter; en lettres majuscules in capital letters; un mot de trois lettres a three-letter word; en toutes lettres lit in full; écrire la date/somme en toutes lettres write the date/sum out in full; c'est écrit en toutes lettres dans le rapport fig it's down in black and white in the report; c'est écrit en grosses lettres it's written in big letters; les Romains furent des urbanistes avant la lettre the Romans were city planners before they were invented; ⇒ cinq;

2 ( écrit adressé) letter; une lettre de félicitations/remerciements/condoléances a letter of congratulations /thanks/condolence; lettre d'accompagnement covering letter; lettre de réclamation letter of complaint; lettre de rupture letter ending a relationship; une lettre de recommandation/candidature/démission a letter of recommendation/application/resignation; lettre anonyme/de menaces anonymous/threatening letter; une petite lettre a note;

3 ( contenu d'un texte) letter; l'esprit et la lettre d'un texte the spirit and the letter of a text; à la lettre, au pied de la lettre [appliquer, suivre] to the letter; il prend à la lettre tout ce qu'on lui dit he takes everything you say literally.

B lettres nfpl

1 Univ, Scol ( français) French; ( plus général) arts GB, humanities US; étudiant en lettres ( français) student reading French GB, student majoring in French US; ( plus général) arts GB ou humanities US student; faculté de lettres arts faculty GB, school of the humanities; être en lettres, faire des études de lettres to do an arts degree, to study humanities US; professeur de lettres teacher of French (for native speakers); docteur ès lettres ≈ Doctor of Philosophy;

2 ( culture littéraire) letters; homme/femme de lettres man/woman of letters; les gens de lettres writers; avoir des lettres to be well read; le monde des lettres the literary world.

Composés

lettre de cachet lettre de cachet; lettre de cadrage Pol scoping document (outlining issues for inclusion in the next budget); lettre capitulaire Édition decorated initial; lettre de change bill of exchange; lettre de château thank you letter, bread and butter letter; lettre circulaire circular; lettre de crédit letter of credit; lettre d'intention letter of intention; lettre ornée illuminated letter; lettre ouverte open letter (à to); lettre recommandée registered letter; lettre de voiture Comm waybill, consignment note; lettres classiques French and Latin; lettres de créance credentials; lettres modernes French language and literature; lettres de noblesse letters patent of nobility; avoir ses lettres de noblesse fig to have an illustrious history; gagner ses lettres de noblesse fig to win one's spurs; lettres patentes letters patent; lettres supérieures preparatory class for entrance exam for the École Normale Supérieure.

Idiomes

passer comme une lettre à la poste○ [décision, réforme] to go through smoothly ou without a hitch; [excuse] to be accepted without any questions; un événement à graver en lettres d'or an event to remember; écrit en lettres de feu written in letters of fire; devenir lettre morte to become a dead letter; rester lettre morte to go unheeded.

[lɛtr] nom féminin

A.[CARACTÈRE]

1. [d'un alphabet] letter

un mot de neuf lettres a nine-letter word

lettre majuscule capital (letter), uppercase letter

lettre minuscule small ou lowercase letter

en lettres de feu/d'or/de sang: leur révolte est écrite en lettres de feu dans ma mémoire their revolt is branded on my memory

leur abnégation est gravée en lettres d'or dans nos cœurs their self-sacrifice is engraved indelibly in our hearts

cette page d'histoire est imprimée en lettres de sang dans notre mémoire this page of history has left a bloody impression in our memory

2. IMPRIMERIE [forme en plomb] character, letter

B.[ÉCRIT]

1. [correspondance] letter

pas de lettres pour moi? no mail ou no letters for me?

mettre une lettre à la poste to post a letter

lettre d'amour/de menace love/threatening letter

lettre anonyme anonymous letter

lettre exprès express letter

lettre d'introduction letter of introduction

lettre de motivation covering letter

lettre de recommandation letter of recommendation

lettre recommandée

a. [avec accusé de réception] recorded delivery letter (UK), letter sent by certified mail (US)

b. [avec valeur déclarée] registered letter

lettre de remerciements letter of thanks, thank-you letter

elle lui a écrit une lettre de rupture she wrote to tell him she was leaving him

passer comme une lettre à la poste

a. (familier) [boisson, aliment] to go down a treat

b. [demande, mesure] to go off without a hitch, to go off smoothly

2. BANQUE

lettre de change bill of exchange

lettre de crédit letter of credit

3. DROIT

lettre d'intention letter of intent

4. HISTOIRE

lettres de noblesse letters patent (of nobility)

conquérir ou recevoir des lettres de noblesse (figuré) to gain respectability

5. POLITIQUE

lettres de créance credentials

6. PRESSE

lettre ouverte open letter

7. LITTÉRATURE [titre]

‘les Lettres de mon moulin’ Daudet ‘Letters from My Mill’

‘Lettres persanes’ Montesquieu ‘Persian Letters’

‘Lettre à d'Alembert’ Rousseau ‘Letter to d'Alembert’

C.[SENS STRICT] letter

respecter la lettre de la loi to respect ou observe the letter of the law

rester lettre morte to go unheeded, to be disregarded

————————

lettres nom féminin pluriel

1. ÉDUCATION

les lettres arts subjects, the arts, the humanities

étudiant en lettres arts student

lettres classiques classics, Latin and Greek

lettres modernes modern literature

lettres supérieures preparatory class (leading to the École Normale Supérieure and lasting two years)

2. LITTÉRATURE

les lettres literature

le monde des lettres the literary world

avoir des lettres to be well-read

un homme/une femme de lettres a man/a woman of letters

————————

à la lettre locution adverbiale,

au pied de la lettre locution adverbiale

suivre des ordres au pied de la lettre to follow orders to the letter

ne prends pas ce qu'il dit au pied de la lettre don't take what he says at face value

————————

avant la lettre locution adverbiale

c'était un surréaliste avant la lettre he was a surrealist before the term was ever invented

en toutes lettres locution adverbiale

1. [entièrement] in full

écrire quelque chose en toutes lettres to write something (out) in full

2. [très clairement] clearly, plainly

c'est écrit en toutes lettres dans le contrat it's written in black and white ou it's spelt out plainly in the contract

Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > lettre
3 MAÐR

(gen. manns, pl. menn, with the art. menninir), m.

1) man (irrespective of sex), human being (guð skapaði síðarst menn tvá, er ættir eru frá komnar);

sýndi maðr manni, one showed it to another, it went from from hand to hand;

fjöldi manns, a great number of people;

múgr manns, crowd of people;

2) degree in kinship;

vera at þriðja, fjórða, fimta manni, to be related in the third, fourth, fifth degree;

hann var manni firr en systrungr Bárðar, he was the son of a cousin of B.;

3) man, opp. to kona( síðan fór hann til manna sinna).

* * *

m., qs. mann-r, which form also occurs in old poets, engi mannr und ranni, Vellekla, (for the change of nn before r into ð see the introduction to letter N); gen. manns, dat. manni, acc. mann, plur. menn, qs. menn-r; with the article, menninir, so always in old writers, but in mod. mennirnir erroneously, as if from mennir: the plur. meðr, answering to the sing. maðr, occurs in old poets—meðr vituð öðling æðra, Fms. vii. 87 (in a verse); Norð-meðr róa naðri, vi. 309 (in a verse); meðr fengu mikit veðr, Edda 102; hirð-meðr, veðja, Rekst., all verses of the 11th and 12th centuries; er meðr Myrkvið kalla, Akv. 5: meðr hlutu sár, Fbr. 75 new Ed. (in a verse): gen. pl. manna, dat. mönnum, acc. menn. In Ballads and Rímur after the 15th century, and hence in eccl. writers of later times, a nom. mann is now and then used, esp. in compds influenced by Germ. and Engl., e. g. hreysti-mann, Skíða R. 58; or for the sake of rhyme, ætla þú ekki, aumr mann | af komast muni strafflaust hann, Pass. 14. 17: [Ulf. manna = ἄνθρωπος; in other Teut. languages spelt man, or better mann.]

B. A man = Lat. homo, Gr. ἄνθρωπος, also people; eigi vil ek segja frá manninum þvíat mér er maðrinn skyldr, þat er frá manni at segja, at maðr er vel auðigr at fé, Nj. 51; mennskr maðr, a manlike man, a human being, opp. to giants or beings of superhuman strength, Gm. 31; menn eru hér komnir ef menn skal kalla, en líkari eru þeir þursum at vexti ok sýn en mennskum mönnum, Eg. 110; flýjum nú! ekki er við menn um at eiga, Nj. 97; þat hafa gamlir menn mælt, at þess manns mundi hefnt verða ef hann félli á grúfu, Eg. 107; þeir ungu menn ( the young people) elskask sín í millum, Mar.; þótt nökkut væri þústr á með enum yngrum mönnum, Ld. 200; fjöldi manns, múgr manns, Fms. ii. 45, 234, xi. 245; þykkir mönnum nökkur várkunn til þess, 192; var þat margra manna mál, at …, Eg. 537, Fms. i. 45; er þat íllt manni? Eg. 604; sá maðr, that person, K. Þ. K. 4; manna beztr, fríðastr …, the best, fairest … of men, passim; allra manna bezt, beyond all men, best of all men, Bs. i. 67; kona var enn þriði maðr, Hkr. iii. 184; hvárr þeirra manna, each of the wedded fair, Grág. i. 476; góðir menn, good men! in addressing, passim: allit., Guði ok góðum mönnum, to God and all good men, Bs. i. 68: sayings, maðr skal eptir mann lifa, man shall live after man (as a consolation), Eg. 322: maðr er manns gaman, man is man’s comfort, Hm. 46; whence huggun er manni mönnum at, Pass. 2. 10: maðr eptir mann, man after man, in succession; or, maðr af manni, man after man, in turn: sýndi maðr manni, man shewed it to man, it went round from hand to hand, Fms. vi. 216; nú segir maðr manni þessi fagnaðar-tíðendi, Bs. i. 181, Þiðr. 142; kunni þat maðr manni at segja at Bróðir felldi Brján, Nj. 275.

2. phrases, þat veit menn (the verb in sing., the noun in plur.), every one knows that! to be sure! Art. 31, 62, Karl. 48; meðr of veit, Sighvat: mod. viti menn! with a notion of irony; thus also menn segja, men say, (in old poët. usage elliptically, kveða = Lat. dicunt, Vþm. 24, 26, 28, 30, Gm. 13, Hdl. 42, Hm. 11; kváðu, people said, Vm. 33): the sing. maðr = Fr. on, mod. Dan. man (in Dan. man siger), is not vernacular.

3. in compds. kvenn-maðr, a woman; karl-maðr, a man: of families, Mýra-menn, Síðu-menn, Landn.: inhabitants, people, Norð-menn, Norsemen; Noregs-menn, the men of Norway; Athenu-menn, Athenians; Korintu-menn, Corinthians; of condition of life, leik-menn, laymen; kenni-menn, clergymen; búand-menn, peasants; valds-menn, rulers; kaup-menn, merchants; sjó-menn, seamen; vinnu-menn, labourers.

4. degree in a lineage: at þriðja, fjórða, fimta … manni, in the third, fourth, fifth … degree, Grág. i. 321; manni firnari en systrungr …, one degree remoter than …, used of odd degrees (e. g. four on one side and three on the other), ii. 172; hann var manni firr en systrungr Bárðar, he was an odd second cousin of B., Bárð. 165; hence tví-menningar, þrí-menningar, fjór-menningar …, a second, third, fourth … cousin, passim.

II. a man. Lat. vir; vér höfum þrjú skip ok hundruð manna á hverju, Fas. ii. 521; síðan fór hann til manna sinna, Fms. v. 514; greiða eyri gulls hverjum manni, 178; hann fór með of manns yfir landit, iv. 146; and so in countless instances: Sigurðar-menn, the followers of S.; Tuma-menn, konungs-menn, Krist-menn, kross-menn, vii. 293, 299, Ó. H. 216.

2. a husband; Guð er Kristinnar andar maðr er honum giptisk í trú, Greg. 31: freq. in mod. usage, maðrinn minn, my husband! dóttur-maðr, a son-in-law.

3. metaph., vera maðr fyrir e-u, to be man enough for it, able to do it; eg er ekki maðr fyrir því, maðr til þess, id.; hann sýndisk eigi maðr til at setjask í svá háleitt sæti, Bs. i. 743; mikill, lítill, maðr fyrir sér, to be a great, strong, weak man, and the like.

III. the Rune m, see introduction.

C. COMPDS, manns- and manna-: manns-aldr, m. a man’s life, generation, 623. 10, Fms. viii. 240, Fas. i. 406. manns-bani, a, m. ‘man’s bane,’ a man-slayer, Js. 49, Ni. 119. manns-barn, n. a ‘man’s bairn;’ in the phrase, hvert m., every child of man, Sturl. i. 47. manna-bein, n. pl. human bones, Fms. i. 230. manns-blóð, n. human blood, Nj. 59, Fms. iii. 125. manna-búkar, m. pl. corpses of slain, Fms. iii. 7, xi. 355. manna-bygð, f. human abodes, opp. to the wilderness, Fms. i. 215. manna-bær, m. dwelling-houses, Ann. 1390. manns-bætr, f. pl. weregild, Eg. 259. manns-efni, n. a man to be; gott-m. (see efni), Eg. 368, Fms. i. 174, Fær. 231. manna-farvegr, m. a foot-path, Gþl. 539. manns-fingr, m. a human finger. manna-forráð, n. ‘man-sway,’ rule, dominion; the godord or priesthood is often in the Laws and Sagas so called, Hrafn. 21, Nj. 149, Grág., Ísl. ii. 402, Fms. x. 45. manna-forræði, n. = mannaforráð, Nj. 231, Ld. 310. manns-fótr, m. a human foot, Hkr. ii. 114. manna-fundr, m. a meeting of men, Grág. i. 420. manns-fylgja, u, f., or manna-fylgjur, f. pl. fetches of men, Lv. 69, Fs. 68; see fylgja. manna-för, n. pl. men’s footprints, Eg. 578. manna-grein, f. distinction of men, Fms. viii. 21. manns-hauss, m. a human skull, Þorf. Karl. 242. manns-hár, n. human hair, Edda 4, Fas. iii. 266. manns-hold, n. human flesh, Fms. xi. 235. manna-hugir, m. pl., see hugr III. 2, Háv. 55, Þórð. 17 new Ed. manna-hús, n. pl. men’s houses, Fbr. 77: human abodes. manns-höfuð, manna-höfuð, m. (he human head, K. Á. 1, Fms. x. 280, Nj. 275. manns-hönd, f. a human hand, Fas. i. 66. manns-kona, u, f. a man’s wife, married woman, Grág. i. 335, 337, 341, 344, 380, Bs. i. 777, Sks. 340. manna-lát, n. the loss of men, loss of life, death, Nj. 248, Eg. 585, Orkn. 296. manns-lát, n. a person’s death, decease; heyra mannslát, to hear of a person’s death. manns-líf, n. man’s life, Hom. 6. manns-líki, n. human shape, Edda 9. manna-lof, n. praise of men, Hom. 83. manna-mál, n. human voices, human speech, Nj. 154; or manns-mál, id., in the phrase, það heyrist ekki mannsmál, no man’s voice can be heard, of a great noise. manna-missir, m. the loss of men, Sturl. iii. 7, Fas. ii. 552. manns-morð, n. murder, N. G. L. i. 256. manna-mót, n. = mannfundr, Grág. i. 343. manns-mót, n. manly mien, ‘manfulness,’ Fms. i. 149, xi. 86; þat er mannsmót að honum, he looks like a true man. manna-munr, m. distinction, difference of men, Bs. i. 855. manna-múgr, m. a crowd of people, Fær. 12. manns-mynd, f. the human shape, Stj. 147. manna-reið, f. (a body of) horsemen, Nj. 206. manna-samnaðr, m. = mannsafnaðr, Ísl. ii. 83. manna-seta, u, f. men staying in a place, Ld. 42. manna-skipan, f. the placing of people, as at a banquet, in battle, Korm. 62, Sturl. i. 20, ii. 237. manna-skipti, n. pl. exchange of men, Germ. auswechselung, Hkr. i. 8. manna-slóð, f. ‘man’s sleuth,’ a track of men, Sturl. i. 83. manna-spor, n. pl. men’s footprints. Sturl. ii. 90, Eg. 578, Landn. 191. manna-styrkr, m. help, Þórð. 74. manna-sættir, m. a daysman, peacemaker, Fms. x. 51, Eb. manna-taka, u, f. a reception of men, strangers, Fb. ii. 194. manna-tal, n. = manntal, Hkr. ii. 340. manns-váði, a, m. danger of life, Fms. viii. 224. manna-vegr, m. a road where men pass, opp. to a wilderness, Grett. 115 A, Ld. 328. manna-verk, n. pl. = mannvirki, man’s work, work by human hands, Fb. i. 541. manns-verk, n. work to be done by a person, N. G. L. i., 38, Gþl. 114. manna-vist, f. a human abode. Fms. i. 226, Jb. 9, Orkn. 434. manns-vit, n. ‘man’s wit,’ human understanding, reason, Nj. 106. manna-völd, n. pl.; in the phrase, e-t er af manna-völdum, it is due to human causes, not by natural causes, e. g. of a fire, the disappearance of a thing, or the like, Nj. 76, Fms. ii. 146, iii. 98. manns-vöxtr, m. a man’s stature, Fas. ii. 508, Hom. 112. manna-þengill, m. king of men, the name of Njörð, Gm. 16, Edda 104. manns-æði, n. human bearing, behaviour. manns-æfi, f. man’s lifetime; mart kann skipask á mannsæfinni, a saying, Fms. vii. 156; mart verðr á mannsætinni, útítt var þat þá er vér vórum ungir, Fær. 195.

Íslensk-ensk orðabók > MAÐR
4 voilà

voilà [vwala]

1. preposition

   a. there is, there are that is, those are ; (même sens que voici) here is, here are this is, these are

• voici mon bureau et voilà le vôtre this is my office and that's yours

• voilà mon frère this is or here is my brother

• voilà le livre que vous cherchiez (je le tiens) here's the book you were looking for ; (il est là-bas) there's the book you were looking for

• voilà la pluie here comes the rain

• voilà la fin de l'hiver the end of winter is here

• le voilà, c'est lui there he is

• le voilà qui se plaint encore there he goes, complaining again

• voilà ce que je compte faire this is what I'm hoping to do

• voilà ce qu'il m'a dit/ce dont il s'agit (je viens de le dire) that's what he told me/what it's all about ; (je vais le dire) this is what he told me/what it's all about

• voilà comment il faut faire that's how it's done

• voilà qu'il se met à pleuvoir maintenant here comes the rain

• voilà où je veux en venir that's what I'm getting at

• nous y voilà (lieu) here we are ; (question délicate) now we're getting there

   b. (pour résumer) ... et voilà pourquoi je n'ai pas pu le faire... and that's why I couldn't do it

• voilà qui est louche that's a bit odd

• voilà ce que c'est de ne pas obéir that's what happens when you don't do as you're told

   c. ( = il y a) voilà une heure que je l'attends I've been waiting for him for an hour

• voilà cinq ans que je ne l'ai pas vu it's five years since I last saw him

   d. (locutions)

► en voilà

• en voilà une histoire ! what a story!

• en voilà un imbécile ! what a fool!

• en voilà assez ! that's enough!

• vous voulez des preuves, en voilà you want proof, well here you are► et voilà tout and that's all there is to it

2. exclamation

• voilà ! j'arrive ! here I come!

• voilà autre chose ! (incident) that's all I need(ed)!

• voilà, tu l'as cassé ! there you are, you've broken it!

* * *
vwala
1.

préposition

voilà un mois — a month ago

voilà bientôt deux mois qu'elle travaille chez nous — she's been working with us for nearly two months

2.

présentatif

voici ton parapluie et voilà le mien — this is your umbrella and here's mine

voici mon fils et voilà ma fille — this is my son and this is my daughter

voilà ma mère — here's ou here comes my mother

me voilà! — ( j'arrive) I'm coming!; ( je suis là) here I am!

ah! te voilà! — ah, there you are!

voilà tout — that's all

voilà où nous en étions — that's where we were up to

voilà ce que c'est de désobéir — that's what happens if you disobey

je n'ai pas pu venir, voilà tout — ( ne posez pas de questions) I couldn't come, that's all there is to it

voilà qui ne va pas arranger vos affaires — well, that won't sort things out for you

voilà le programme — the programme [BrE] is as follows

voilà comment — ( en introduction) this is how; ( en conclusion) that's how

seulement voilà je n'ai pas d'argent — the problem ou thing is I don't have any money

‘je voudrais la clé du trois’ - ‘voilà, madame’ — ‘I'd like the key to number three’ - ‘here you are, madam’

nous y voilà — ( à la maison) here we are; ( au cœur du sujet) now we're getting there

le voilà qui se remet à rire! — there he goes again laughing!

te voilà content! — now you're happy!

te voilà revenu! — you're back again!

voilà bien les hommes! — that's men for you!

voilà bien ta mauvaise foi! — so much for your dishonesty!

3.

en voilà locution

vous vouliez des explications? en voilà — you wanted more details! well, here you are (then)

en voilà pour deux euros — here's two euros worth

en voilà un mal élevé! — what a badly brought up boy!

mon dieu! en voilà des histoires! — good Lord! what a fuss!

en voilà assez! — that's enough!

en voilà un qui ne recommencera pas! — there's someone who won't do it again!

4.

voilà que (colloq) locution

et voilà qu'une voiture arrive — and the next thing was a car arrived

voilà qu' il se met à rire — all of a sudden he started laughing

et voilà qu'elle refuse — and then she had to go and refuse

5.

exclamation

voilà! j'arrive! — (I'm) coming!

(et) voilà! ils sont partis! — there you are, they've left!

(et) voilà! il remet ça! — there he goes again!

••

il a de l'argent, en veux-tu en voilà! — he has as much money as he could wish for!

* * *
vwala prép
1) (en désignant) (singulier) there is, (pluriel) there are

Tiens! Voilà Paul. — Look! There's Paul.

Voilà ma sœur. — That's my sister.

les voilà — here they are, there they are

en voilà un — here's one, there's one

Tu as perdu ton stylo? Tiens, en voilà un autre. — Have you lost your pen? Here's another one.

voilà deux ans — two years ago

voilà deux ans que — it's two years since

2) (autres locutions)

et voilà! — there we are!

voilà tout — that's all

* * *

voilà

A prép son fils est né voilà un mois his/her son was born a month ago; voilà bientôt deux mois qu'elle travaille chez nous she's been working with us for nearly two months.

B présentatif

1 ( pour désigner) ( en opposition à voici) et voilà une clé/des clés and there is a key/are keys; le voilà encore! there he is again!; voici ton parapluie et voilà le mien this is your umbrella and here's mine;

2 ( même valeur que voici) here is [clé, livre]; here are [clés, livres]; tu cherchais ton sac? le voilà were you looking for your bag? here it is; voilà ma mère here's ou here comes my mother; attention, la voilà! watch out, here she comes!; me voilà! ( j'arrive) I'm coming!; ( je suis là) here I am!; voici mon fils et voilà ma fille this is my son and this is my daughter; ah! te voilà! c'est à cette heure que tu rentres? ah, there you are! what time do you call this?; tiens! voilà le soleil! look! here's the sun!;

3 ( pour conclure) voilà tout that's all; voilà comment/pourquoi/ce que that's how/why/what; voilà où je voulais en venir that's the point I wanted to make; voilà où nous en étions that's where we were up to; voilà ce que c'est de faire le malin/désobéir that's what happens if you show off/disobey; voilà ce que déclare un jeune homme so says a young man; il est malade, voilà ce qui le tracasse he's ill, that's what's worrying him; je n'ai pas pu venir, voilà tout ( ne posez pas de questions) I couldn't come, that' s all there is to it; voilà qui ne va pas arranger vos affaires/ne se reproduira pas well, that won't sort things out for you/won't happen again; voilà qui m'arrange! that's what I need!; voilà de quoi faire réfléchir les jeunes that's something for young people to think about;

4 ( en introduction) here is, this is [histoire, adresse]; here are, these are [chiffres, adresses]; voilà le programme/la solution the programme^GB/the answer is as follows; le film raconte l'histoire que voilà the film tells the following story; voilà comment/pourquoi/où ( en introduction) this is how/why/where; ( en conclusion) that's how/why/where; ‘seulement or c'est que voilà,’ dit-elle, ‘je n'ai pas d'argent’ ‘the problem ou thing is,’ she said, ‘I don't have any money’;

5 ( pour souligner) voilà enfin l'été! summer's here at last!; ‘je voudrais la clé du trois’-‘voilà, madame’ ‘I'd like the key to number three’-‘here you are, madam’; nous y voilà ( à la maison) here we are; ( au cœur du sujet) now we're getting there; voilà nos amis bien perplexes/enfin au calme now our friends are really confused/have got some quiet at last; alors qu'on le croyait calmé, le voilà qui s'enfuit à nouveau just when we thought he had calmed down he runs off again; le voilà qui se remet à rire! there he goes again laughing!; à peine étais-je arrivé, le voilà qui vient vers moi I'd only just arrived when there he was coming toward(s) me; te voilà content! now you're happy!; te voilà revenu! you're back again!; vous voilà prévenus! you've been warned!; voilà bien la manie française de tout critiquer! that's the typical French habit of criticizing everything!; voilà bien les hommes! that's men for you!; voilà bien ta mauvaise foi/façon exceptionnelle de conduire! so much for your dishonesty/brilliant driving!; ridicule, voilà le mot! ridiculous! that's the word!

C en voilà loc

1 ( en donnant) tu veux des fraises? en voilà you'd like some strawberries? here you are; vous vouliez des explications? en voilà you wanted more details! well, here you are (then); en voilà pour dix euros here's ten euros worth;

2 ( valeur exclamative) en voilà un mal élevé! what a badly brought up boy!; mon dieu! en voilà des histoires! good Lord! what a fuss!; en voilà assez! that's enough!; en voilà un qui ne recommencera pas! there's someone who won't do it again!; en voilà au moins un avec qui on peut parler! there's somebody, at least, you can talk to!

D voilà que○ loc et voilà qu'une voiture arrive and the next thing was a car arrived; voilà qu'il se met à rire all of a sudden he started laughing; et voilà qu'elle refuse/qu'il tombe malade and then she had to go and refuse/he had to go and get ill GB ou sick US.

E excl voilà! j'arrive! (I'm) coming!, I'm on my way!: voilà! ça arrive! (it's) coming!, it's on its way!; (et) voilà! ils sont partis! there you are, they've left!; (et) voilà! il remet ça! there he goes again!; ah! voilà! ( je comprends) oh! that's it!, I see!; on vit, on meurt, (et puis) voilà! you live, you die and that's it!

Idiome

il a de l'argent, en veux-tu en voilà! he has as much money as he could wish for!

[vwala] préposition

1. [désignant ce qui est éloigné] (suivi d'un singulier) there ou that is

(suivi d'un pluriel) there ou those are

le monument que voilà that monument (there)

[opposé à 'voici']

voici mon lit, voilà le tien here's ou this is my bed and there's ou that's yours

2. [désignant ce qui est proche] (suivi d'un singulier) here ou this is

(suivi d'un pluriel) here ou these are

voilà mes parents

a. here are my parents

b. [dans des présentations] these are my parents

voilà l'homme dont je vous ai parlé here ou this is the man I spoke to you about

tiens, les voilà! look, here ou there they are!

ah, te voilà enfin! so here ou there you are at last!

nous y voilà!

a. here we are!

b. [dans une discussion] now...

l'homme que voilà this man (here)

en voilà: du riz? en voilà! rice? here ou there you are!

je ne trouve pas de marteau — en voilà un I can't find a hammer — here's one

tu voulais un adversaire à ta mesure? en voilà un! you wanted an opponent worthy of you? well, you've got one!

en voilà un qui n'a pas peur! (familier) HE's certainly got guts!

en voilà une surprise/des manières! what a surprise/way to behave!

vous vouliez la clef, voilà you wanted the key, here it is ou here you are

voilà madame, ce sera tout? here you are, madam, will there be anything else?

3. [caractérisant un état]

la voilà recousue/cassée now it's sewn up again/broken

me voilà prêt I'm ready now

les voilà enfin partis! at last they've gone!

dire que te voilà marié! to think you're married now!

le voilà qui veut faire du karaté maintenant! now he wants to take up karate!

te voilà beau, que t'est-il arrivé? (ironique) you're in a fine state, what's happened to you?

me/te/nous etc. voilà bien! (familier & ironique) now what a mess!

4. [introduisant ce dont on va parler] (suivi d'un singulier) this ou here is

(suivi d'un pluriel) these ou here are

voilà ce que je lui dirai this ou here is what I'll say to her

que veux-tu dire par là? — eh bien voilà,... what do you mean by that? — well,...

5. [pour conclure] (suivi d'un singulier) that's

(suivi d'un pluriel) those are

voilà bien les hommes! how typical of ou how like men!

voilà ce que c'est, la jalousie! that's jealousy for you!

voilà ce que c'est que de mentir! that's where lying gets you!

un hypocrite, voilà ce que tu es! you're nothing but a hypocrite!

quelques jours de repos, voilà qui devrait te remettre sur pied a few day's rest, that should set you right again

on lui paiera les réparations et voilà! we'll pay for the repairs and that's all (there is to it)!

et voilà, il a encore renversé son café! I don't believe it, he spilt his coffee again!

et voilà, ça devait arriver! what did I tell you!

ah voilà, c'est parce qu'il avait peur! so, that explains it, he was frightened!

voilà! vous avez tout compris that's it! you've got it

voilà tout that's all

6. [introduisant une objection, une restriction]

j'en voudrais bien un, seulement voilà, c'est très cher I'd like one, but the problem is ou but you see, it's very expensive

c'est facile, seulement voilà, il fallait y penser it's easy once you've thought of it

voilà, j'hésitais à vous en parler, mais... well, yes, I wasn't going to mention it, but...

7. [désignant une action proche dans le temps]

voilà la pluie

a. [il ne pleut pas encore] here comes the rain

b. [il pleut] it's raining

voilà venu le moment de s'expliquer now's the moment to explain

voilà que la nuit tombe (now) it's getting dark

voilà qu'ils remettent ça avec leur musique! (familier) they're at it again with their music!

voilà Monsieur, je suis à vous dans un instant yes, sir, I'll be with you in a minute

il y a quelqu'un? — voilà, voilà anybody in? — hang on, I'm coming!

ne voilà-t-il pas que (familier) : je descends de voiture et ne voilà-t-il pas qu'une contractuelle arrive! I get out of my car and guess what, a traffic warden turns up!

(ne) voilà-t-il pas qu'on deviendrait coquette! vain, now, are we?

8. [exprimant la durée]

il est rentré voilà une heure he's been home for an hour, he came home an hour ago

voilà longtemps/deux mois qu'il est parti he's been gone a long time/two months

voilà cinq minutes que je t'appelle! I've been calling you for five minutes!

Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > voilà
5 Start

m; -(e)s, -s

1. SPORT, MOT., fig. start; Sport (Startlinie) start, starting line; Start und Ziel start and finish (line); am Start SPORT at the start, on the starting line; vom Start weg from the start; fliegender / stehender Start SPORT flying / standing start; einen guten / schlechten Start erwischen SPORT und fig. get off to ( oder make) a good / bad start; über Start gehen EDV click the start icon, click on start; Start frei für... fig. all clear for (the launching of)...; ein guter Start ins Leben a good start in life; der Start ins Berufsleben one’s first experience of ( oder introduction to) working life; der Start des Projekts wird verschoben the launch of the project is being postponed

2. FLUG. take-off; Rakete: launching, lift-off; zum Start freigeben FLUG. clear for take-off

* * *

der Start

(Anfang) start;

(Flugzeug) takeoff;

(Rakete) liftoff; launch; blast-off; launching

* * *
Stạrt [ʃtart]
m -s, -s

1) (lit, fig) start

das Zeichen zum Start geben — to give the starting signal

einen guten/schlechten Start haben — to get (off to) a good/bad start

2) (= Startplatz, Startlinie) start(ing line); (bei Pferderennen) start(ing post); (bei Autorennen) (starting) grid

am Start sein, an den Start gehen — to be at the start/on or at the starting line/at the start(ing post)/on the (starting) grid; (Läufer) to be on their blocks

3) (AVIAT) takeoff; (= Raketenstart) launch; (= Startplatz) runway

der Maschine den Start freigeben — to clear the plane for takeoff

* * *

Start

<-s, -s>

[ʃtart, start]

m

1. LUFT take-off

zum \Start freigeben to give clearance to start

die Maschine kann noch nicht zum \Start freigegeben werden the plane cannot be cleared for take-off yet; RAUM lift-off, launch

2. SPORT start

am \Start sein (von Läufern) to be on [or at] the starting line; (von Fahrern/Rennwagen) to be on the starting grid

fliegender/stehender \Start flying [or rolling]/standing start

3. (Beginn) start; Projekt launch[ing]

automatischer \Start TECH auto-start

* * *

der; Start[e]s, Starts

1) (Sport; auch fig.) start

einen guten Start haben — get off to or make a good start

2) (Sport): (Startplatz) start

an den Start gehen/am Start sein — (fig.): (teilnehmen) start

3) (Sport): (Teilnahme) participation

4) (eines Flugzeugs) take-off; (einer Rakete) launch

* * *

Start m; -(e)s, -s

1. SPORT, AUTO, fig start; Sport (Startlinie) start, starting line;

Start und Ziel start and finish (line);

am Start SPORT at the start, on the starting line;

vom Start weg from the start;

fliegender/stehender Start SPORT flying/standing start;

einen guten/schlechten Start erwischen SPORT etc fig get off to ( oder make) a good/bad start;

über Start gehen IT click the start icon, click on start;

Start frei für … fig all clear for (the launching of) …;

ein guter Start ins Leben a good start in life;

der Start ins Berufsleben one’s first experience of ( oder introduction to) working life;

der Start des Projekts wird verschoben the launch of the project is being postponed

2. FLUG take-off; Rakete: launching, lift-off;

zum Start freigeben FLUG clear for take-off

* * *

der; Start[e]s, Starts

1) (Sport; auch fig.) start

einen guten Start haben — get off to or make a good start

2) (Sport): (Startplatz) start

an den Start gehen/am Start sein — (fig.): (teilnehmen) start

3) (Sport): (Teilnahme) participation

4) (eines Flugzeugs) take-off; (einer Rakete) launch

* * *

-s (Flugzeug) m.

takeoff n. -s (Rakete) m.

liftoff n. -s f.

departure n. -s m.

activation n.

blastoff n.

boot (computers) n.

departure n.

kickoff n.

start n.

starting n. -s Stop-Betrieb m.

asynchronous operation n.

start-stop operation n.

Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > Start
6 clef

clef [kle]

feminine noun

= clé

* * *

= clé

* * *

clef = clé.

I

[kle] nom féminin

1. [de porte, d'horloge, de boîte de conserve] key

[d'un tuyau de poêle] damper

prendre la clef des champs to get away

fausse clef picklock

mettre la clef sous la porte ou le paillasson

a. (sens propre) to shut up shop

b. (figuré) to disappear overnight

2. [outil] spanner (UK), wrench (US)

clef anglaise ou à molette monkey wrench

clef universelle adjustable spanner

3. AUTOMOBILE

clef de contact ignition key

mes clefs de voiture my car keys

4. TÉLÉCOMMUNICATIONS

clef d'appel call button

clef de réponse reply key

INFORMATIQUE

clef d'accès enter key

clef de protection data protection

5. MUSIQUE clef, key

clef de sol key of G, treble clef

clef de fa key of F, bass clef

clef d'ut key of C, C clef

[touche] key

[d'un instrument - à vent] finger-plate ; [ - à corde] peg

clefs de tension screws

6. [moyen]

la clef de the key to

la clef de la réussite the key to success

7. [explication] clue, key

la clef du mystère the key to the mystery

8. [influence déterminante]

la clef de the key to

Gibraltar est la clef de la Méditerranée he who holds Gibraltar holds the Mediterranean

(comme adjectif; avec ou sans trait d'union) [essentiel] key (avant nom)

mot/position clef key word/post

9. [introduction]

clefs pour l'informatique/la philosophie introduction to computer technology/philosophy

10. ARCHITECTURE

clef de voûte

a. (sens propre) keystone, quoin

b. (figuré) linchpin, cornerstone

————————

à clef locution adverbiale

fermer une porte à clef to lock a door

————————

à clefs locution adjectivale

roman/film à clefs novel/film based on real characters (whose identity is disguised)

————————

à la clef locution adverbiale

1. MUSIQUE in the key signature

il y a un bémol/dièse à la clef the key signature has a flat/sharp

2. [au bout du compte]

avec... à la clef

a. [récompense] with... as a bonus

b. [punition] with... into the bargain

————————

clef(s) en main locution adjectivale

1. COMMERCE

prix clef ou clefs en main

a. [d'un véhicule] on-the-road price

b. [d'une maison] all-inclusive price

2. INDUSTRIE turnkey (modificateur)

————————

clef(s) en main locution adverbiale

1. COMMERCE

acheter une maison clef ou clefs en main to buy a house with vacant ou immediate possession

acheter une voiture clef ou clefs en main to buy a car ready to drive away

2. INDUSTRIE on a turnkey basis

————————

sous clef locution adverbiale

1. [en prison] behind bars

2. [à l'abri]

garder quelque chose sous clef to lock something away, to put something under lock and key

II

[kle] nom masculin

(Suisse) garden gate

Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > clef
7 Á

shall

* * *

a negative suffix to verbs, not;

era útmakligt, at it is not unmeet that.

* * *

1.

á, prep., often used elliptically, or even adverbially, [Goth. ana; Engl. on; Germ. an. In the Scandinavian idioms the liquid n is absorbed. In English the same has been supposed to happen in adverbial phrases, e. g. ‘along, away, abroad, afoot, again, agate, ahead, aloft, alone, askew, aside, astray, awry,’ etc. It is indeed true that the Ormulum in its northern dialect freq. uses o, even in common phrases, such as ‘o boke, o land, o life, o slæpe, o strande, o write, o naht, o loft,’ etc., v. the glossary; and we may compare on foot and afoot, on sleep (Engl. Vers. of Bible) and asleep; A. S. a-butan and on-butan (about); agen and ongean (again, against); on bæc, aback; on life, alive; on middan, amid. But it is more than likely that in the expressions quoted above, as well as in numberless others, as well in old as in modern English, the English a- as well as the o- of the Ormulum and the modern Scottish and north of England o- are in reality remains of this very á pronounced au or ow, which was brought by the Scandinavian settlers into the north of England. In the struggle for supremacy between the English dialects after the Conquest, the Scandinavian form á or a won the day in many cases to the exclusion of the Anglo-Saxon on. Some of these adverbs have representatives only in the Scandinavian tongues, not in Anglo-Saxon; see below, with dat. B. II, C. VII; with acc. C. I. and VI. The prep. á denotes the surface or outside; í and ór the inside; at, til, and frá, nearness measured to or from an object: á thus answers to the Gr. επί; the Lat. in includes á and i together.]

With dat. and acc.: in the first case with the notion of remaining on a place, answering to Lat. in with abl.; in the last with the notion of motion to the place, = Lat. in with acc.

WITH DAT.

A. Loc.

I. generally on, upon; á gólfi, on the floor, Nj. 2; á hendi, on the hand (of a ring), 48, 225; á palli, 50; á steini, 108; á vegg, 115; á sjá ok á landi, on sea and land. In some instances the distinction between d and i is loose and wavering, but in most cases common sense and usage decide; thus ‘á bók’ merely denotes the letters, the penmanship, ‘í’ the contents of a book; mod. usage, however, prefers ‘í,’ lesa í bók, but stafr á bók. Old writers on the other hand; á bókum Enskum, in English books, Landn. 24, but í Aldafars bók, 23 (in the book De Mensurâ Temporum, by Bede), cp. Grág. i. 76, where á is a false reading instead of at; á bréfi, the contents of a letter: of clothing or arms, mítr á höfði, sverð á hlið, mitre on head, sword on side, Fms. i. 266, viii. 404; hafa lykil á sér, on one’s person, 655 xxvii. 22; möttull á tyglum, a mantle hanging on (i. e. fastened by) laces, Fms. vii. 201: á þingi means to be present at a meeting; í þingi, to abide within a jurisdiction; á himni, á jörðu, on (Engl. in) heaven and earth, e. g. in the Lord’s Prayer, but í helviti, in hell; á Gimli, Edda (of a heavenly abode); á báti, á skipi denote crew and cargo, ‘í’ the timber or materials of which a ship is built, Eg. 385; vera í stafni á skipi, 177: á skógi, to be abroad in a wood (of a hunter, robber, deer); but to be situated (a house), at work (to fell timber), í skógi, 573, Fs. 5, Fms. iii. 122, viii. 31, xi. 1, Glúm. 330, Landn. 173; á mörkinni, Fms. i. 8, but í mörk, of a farm; á firðinum means lying in a firth, of ships or islands (on the surface of the water), þær eyjar liggja á Breiðafirði, Ld. 36; but í firði, living in a district named Firth; á landi, Nj. 98, Fms. xi. 386.

II. á is commonly used in connection with the pr. names or countries terminating in ‘land,’ Engl. in, á Englandi, Írlandi, Skotlandi, Bretlandi, Saxlandi, Vindlandi, Vínlandi, Grænalandi, Íslandi, Hálogalandi, Rogalandi, Jótlandi, Frakklandi, Hjaltlandi, Jamtalandi, Hvítramannalandi, Norðrlöndum, etc., vide Landn. and the index to Fms. xii. In old writers í is here very rare, in modern authors more frequent; taste and the context in many instances decide. An Icelander would now say, speaking of the queen or king, ‘á Englandi,’ ruling over, but to live ‘í Englandi,’ or ‘á Englandi;’ the rule in the last case not being quite fixed.

2. in connection with other names of countries: á Mæri, Vörs, Ögðum, Fjölum, all districts of Norway, v. Landn.; á Mýrum (in Icel.), á Finnmörk, Landn., á Fjóni (a Danish island); but í Danmörk, Svíþjóð (á Svíþjóðu is poët., Gs. 13).

3. before Icel. farms denoting open and elevated slopes and spaces (not too high, because then ‘at’ must be used), such as ‘staðr, völlr, ból, hjalli, bakki, heimr, eyri,’ etc.; á Veggjum, Landn. 69; á Hólmlátri, id.: those ending in ‘-staðr,’ á Geirmundarstöðum, Þórisstöðum, Jarðlangsstöðum…, Landn.: ‘-völlr,’ á Möðruvöllum: á Fitjum (the farm) í Storð (the island), í Fenhring (the island) á Aski (the farm), Landn., Eg.: ‘-nes’ sometimes takes á, sometimes í (in mod. usage always ‘í’), á Nesi, Eb. 14, or í Krossnesi, 30; in the last case the notion of island, νησος, prevails: so also, ‘fjörðr,’ as, þeir börðust á Vigrafirði (of a fight o n the ice), Landn. 101, but orusta í Hafrsfirði, 122: with ‘-bær,’ á is used in the sense of a farm or estate, hón sa á e-m bæ mikit hús ok fagrt, Edda 22; ‘í bæ’ means within doors, of the buildings: with ‘Bær’ as pr. name Landn. uses ‘í,’ 71, 160, 257, 309, 332.

4. denoting on or just above; of the sun, when the time is fixed by regarding the sun in connection with points in the horizon, a standing phrase in Icel.; sól á gjáhamri, when the sun is on the crag of the Rift, Grág. i. 26, cp. Glúm. 387; so, brú á á, a bridge on a river, Fms. viii. 179, Hrafn. 20; taka hús á e-m, to surprise one, to take the house over his head, Fms. i. 11.

III. á is sometimes used in old writers where we should now expect an acc., esp. in the phrase, leggja sverði (or the like) á e-m, or á e-m miðjum, to stab, Eg. 216, Gísl. 106, Band. 14; þá stakk Starkaðr sprotanum á konungi, then Starkad stabbed the king with the wand, Fas. iii. 34; bíta á kampi (vör), to bite the lips, as a token of pain or emotion, Nj. 209, 68; taka á e-u, to touch a thing, lay hold of it, v. taka; fá á e-u, id. (poët.); leggja hendr á (better at) síðum, in wrestling, Fms. x. 331; koma á úvart á e-m, to come on one unawares, ix. 407 (rare).

B. TEMP. of a particular point or period of time, at, on, in:

I. gener. denoting during, in the course of; á nótt, degi, nætrþeli …, Bs. i. 139; or spec. adding a pron. or an adject., á næsta sumri, the next summer; á því ári, þingi, misseri, hausti, vári, sumri …, during, in that year …, Bs. i. 679, etc.; á þrem sumrum, in the course of three summers, Grág. i. 218; á þrem várum, Fms. ii. 114; á hálfs mánaðar fresti, within half a month’s delay, Nj. 99; á tvítugs, sextugs … aldri, á barns, gamals aldri, etc., at the age of …, v. aldr: á dögum e-s, in the days of, in his reign or time, Landn. 24, Hrafn. 3, Fms. ix. 229.

II. used of a fixed recurrent period or season; á várum, sumrum, haustum, vetrum, á kveldum, every spring, summer …, in the evenings, Eg. 711, Fms. i. 23, 25, vi. 394, Landn. 292: with the numeral adverbs, cp. Lat. ter in anno, um sinn á mánuði, ári, once a month, once a year, where the Engl. a is not the article but the preposition, Grág. i. 89.

III. of duration; á degi, during a whole day, Fms. v. 48; á sjau nóttum, Bárð. 166; á því meli, during that time, in the meantime, Grág. i. 259.

IV. connected with the seasons (á vetri, sumri, vári, hausti), ‘á’ denotes the next preceding season, the last winter, summer, autumn, Eb. 40, 238, Ld. 206: in such instances ‘á’ denotes the past, ‘at’ the future, ‘í’ the present; thus í vetri in old writers means this winter; á vetri, last winter; at vetri, next winter, Eb. 68 (in a verse), etc.

C. In various other relations, more or less metaphorically, on, upon, in, to, with, towards, against:

I. denoting object, in respect of, against, almost periphrastically; dvelja á náðum e-s, under one’s protection, Fms. i. 74; hafa metnað á e-u, to be proud of, to take pride in a thing, 127.

2. denoting a personal relation, in; bæta e-t á e-m, to make amends, i. e. to one personally; misgöra e-t á e-m, to inflict wrong on one; hafa elsku (hatr) á e-m, to bear love ( hatred) to one, Fms. ix. 242; hefna sín á e-m, to take revenge on one’s person, on anyone; rjúfa sætt á e-m, to break truce on the person of any one, to offend against his person, Nj. 103; hafa sár á sér, 101; sjá á e-m, to read on or in one’s face; sér hann á hverjum manni hvárt til þín er vel eðr illa, 106; var þat brátt auðséð á hennar högum, at …, it could soon be seen in all her doings, that …, Ld. 22.

3. also generally to shew signs of a thing; sýna fáleika á sér, to shew marks of displeasure, Nj. 14, Fs. 14; taka vel, illa, lítt, á e-u, to take a thing well, ill, or indifferently, id.; finna á sér, to feel in oneself; fann lítt á honum, hvárt …, it could hardly be seen in his face, whether …, Eb. 42; líkindi eru á, it is likely, Ld. 172; göra kost á e-u, to give a choice, chance of it, 178; eiga vald á e-u, to have power over …, Nj. 10.

II. denoting encumbrance, duty, liability; er fimtardómsmál á þeim, to be subject to …, Nj. 231; the phrase, hafa e-t á hendi, or vera á hendi e-m, on one’s hands, of work or duty to be done; eindagi á fé, term, pay day, Grág. i. 140; ómagi (skylda, afvinna) á fé, of a burden or encumbrance, D. I. and Grág. in several passages.

III. with a personal pronoun, sér, mér, honum …, denoting personal appearance, temper, character, look, or the like; vera þungr, léttr … á sér, to be heavy or light, either bodily or mentally; þungr á sér, corpulent, Sturl. i. 112; kátr ok léttr á sér, of a gay and light temper, Fms. x. 152; þat bragð hafði hann á sér, he looked as if, … the expression of his face was as though …, Ld., cp. the mod. phrase, hafa á sér svip, bragð, æði, sið, of one’s manner or personal appearance, to bear oneself as, or the like; skjótr (seinn) á fæti, speedy ( slow) of foot, Nj. 258.

IV. as a periphrasis of the possessive pronoun connected with the limbs or parts of the body. In common Icel. such phrases as my hands, eyes, head … are hardly ever used, but höfuð, eyru, hár, nef, munnr, hendr, fætr … á mér; so ‘í’ is used of the internal parts, e. g. hjarta, bein … í mér; the eyes are regarded as inside the body, augun í honum: also without the possessive pronoun, or as a periphrasis for a genitive, brjóstið á e-m, one’s breast, Nj. 95, Edda 15; súrnar í augum, it smarts in my eyes, my eyes smart, Nj. 202; kviðinn á sér, its belly, 655 xxx. 5, Fms. vi. 350; hendr á henni, her hands, Gísl. (in a verse); í vörunum á honum, on his lips, Band. 14; ristin á honum, his step, Fms. viii. 141; harðr í tungu, sharp of tongue, Hallfred (Fs. 114); kalt (heitt) á fingrum, höndum, fótum …, cold ( warm) in the fingers, hands, feet …, i. e. with cold fingers, etc.; cp. also the phrase, verða vísa (orð) á munni, of extemporising verses or speeches, freq. in the Sagas; fastr á fótum, fast by the leg, of a bondsman, Nj. 27: of the whole body, díla fundu þeir á honum, 209. The pers. pron. is used only in solemn style (poetry, hymns, the Bible), and perhaps only when influenced by foreign languages, e. g. mitt hjarta hví svo hryggist þú, as a translation of ‘warumb betrübst du dich mein Herz?’ the famous hymn by Hans Sachs; instead of the popular hjartað í mér, Sl. 43, 44: hjartað mitt is only used as a term of endearment, as by a husband to his wife, parents to their child, or the like, in a metaphorical sense; the heart proper is ‘í mér,’ not ‘mitt.’

2. of other things, and as a periphrasis of a genitive, of a part belonging to the whole, e. g. dyrr á husi = húsdyrr, at the house-doors; turn á kirkju = kirkju turn; stafn, skutr, segl, árar … á skipi, the stem, stern, sail … of a ship, Fms. ix. 135; blöð á lauk, á tré …, leaves of a leek, of a tree …, Fas. i. 469; egg á sverði = sverðs egg; stafr á bók; kjölr á bók, and in endless other instances.

V. denoting instrumentality, by, on, or a-, by means of; afla fjár á hólmgöngum, to make money a-duelling, by means of duels, Eg. 498; á verkum sínum, to subsist on one’s own work, Njarð. 366: as a law term, sekjast á e-ju, to be convicted upon …, Grág. i. 123; sekst maðr þar á sínu eigini ( a man is guilty in re sua), ef hann tekr af þeim manni er heimild ( possessio) hefir til, ii. 191; falla á verkum sínum, to be killed flagranti delicto, v. above; fella e-n á bragði, by a sleight in wrestling; komast undan á flótta, to escape by flight, Eg. 11; á hlaupi, by one’s feet, by speed, Hkr. ii. 168; lifa á e-u, to feed on; bergja á e-u, to taste of a thing; svala sér á e-u, to quench the thirst on.

VI. with subst. numerals; á þriðja tigi manna, up to thirty, i. e. from about twenty to thirty, Ld. 194; á öðru hundraði skipa, from one to two hundred sail strong, Fms. x. 126; á níunda tigi, between eighty and ninety years of age, Eg. 764, v. above: used as prep., á hendi, on one’s hand, i. e. bound to do it, v. hönd.

VII. in more or less adverbial phrases it may often be translated in Engl. by a participle and a- prefixed; á lopti, aloft; á floti, afloat; á lífi, alive; á verðgangi, a-begging; á brautu, away; á baki, a-back, behind, past; á milli, a-tween; á laun, alone, secretly; á launungu, id.; á móti, against; á enda, at an end, gone; á huldu, hidden; fara á hæli, to go a-heel, i. e. backwards, Fms. vii. 70;—but in many cases these phrases are transl. by the Engl. partic. with a, which is then perh. a mere prefix, not a prep., á flugi, a-flying in the air, Nj. 79; vera á gangi, a-going; á ferli, to be about; á leiki, a-playing, Fms. i. 78; á sundi, a-swimming, ii. 27; á verði, a-watching, x. 201; á hrakningi, a-wandering; á reiki, a-wavering; á skjálfi, a-shivering; á-hleri, a-listening; á tali, a-talking, Ísl. ii. 200; á hlaupi, a-running, Hkr. ii. 268; á verki, a-working; á veiðum, a-hunting; á fiski, a-fishing; á beit, grazing: and as a law term it even means in flagranti, N. G. L. i. 348.

VIII. used absolutely without a case in reference to the air or the weather, where ‘á’ is almost redundant; þoka var á mikil, a thick fog came on, Nj. 267; niðamyrkr var á, pitch darkness came on, Eg. 210; allhvast á norðan, a very strong breeze from the north, Fms. ix. 20; þá var á norðrænt, a north wind came on, 42, Ld. 56; hvaðan sem á er, from whatever point the wind is; var á hríð veðrs, a snow storm came on, Nj. 282; görði á regn, rain came on, Fms. vi. 394, xi. 35, Ld. 156.

WITH ACC.

A. Loc.

I. denoting simple direction towards, esp. connected with verbs of motion, going, or the like; hann gékk á bergsnös, Eg. 389; á hamar, Fas. ii. 517.

2. in phrases denoting direction; liggja á útborða, lying on the outside of the ship, Eg. 354; á annat borð skipinu, Fms. vii. 260; á bæði borð, on both sides of the ship, Nj. 124, Ld. 56; á tvær hliðar, on both sides, Fms. v. 73. Ísl. ii. 159; á hlið, sidewards; út á hlið, Nj. 262, Edda 44; á aðra hönd henni, Nj. 50, Ld. 46; höggva á tvær hendr, to hew or strike right and left, Ísl. ii. 368, Fas. i. 384, Fms. viii. 363, x. 383.

3. upp á, upon; hann tók augu Þjaza ok kastaði upp á himin, Edda 47: with verbs denoting to look, see, horfa, sjá, líta, etc.; hann rak skygnur á land, he cast glances towards the land, Ld. 154.

II. denoting direction with or without the idea of arriving:

1. with verbs denoting to aim at; of a blow or thrust, stefna á fótinn, Nj. 84; spjótið stefnir á hann miðjan, 205: of the wind, gékk veðrit á vestr, the wind veered to west, Fms. ix. 28; sigla á haf, to stand out to sea, Hkr. i. 146, Fms. i. 39: with ‘út’ added, Eg. 390, Fms. x. 349.

2. conveying the notion of arriving, or the intervening space being traversed; spjótið kom á miðjan skjöldinn, Eg. 379, Nj. 96, 97; langt upp á land, far up inland, Hkr. i. 146: to reach, taka ofan á belti, of the long locks of a woman, to reach down to the belt, Nj. 2; ofan á bringu, 48; á þa ofan, 91.

III. without reference to the space traversed, connected with verbs denoting to go, turn, come, ride, sail, throw, or the like, motion of every kind; hann kastar honum á völlinn, he flings him down, Nj. 91; hlaupa á skip sitt, to leap on board his ship, 43; á hest, to mount quickly, Edda 75; á lend hestinum, Nj. 91; hann gengr á sáðland sitt, he walks on to his fields, 82: on, upon, komast á fætr, to get upon one’s legs, 92; ganga á land, to go a-shore, Fms. i. 40; ganga á þing, vii. 242, Grág. (often); á skóg, á merkr ok skóga, into a wood, Fb. i. 134, 257, Fms. xi. 118, Eg. 577, Nj. 130; fara á Finnmörk, to go travelling in Finmark, Fms. i. 8; koma, fara á bæ, to arrive at the farm-house; koma á veginn, Eg. 578; stíga á bát, skip, to go on board, 158; hann gékk upp á borg, he went up to the burg (castle), 717; en er þeir komu á loptriðið, 236; hrinda skipum á vatn, to float the ships down into the water, Fms. i. 58; reka austr á haf, to drift eastwards on the sea, x. 145; ríða ofan á, to ride down or over, Nj. 82.

IV. in some cases the acc. is used where the dat. would be used, esp. with verbs denoting to see or hear, in such phrases as, þeir sá boða mikinn inn á fjörðinn, they saw great breakers away up in the bight of the firth, the acc. being due perhaps to a motion or direction of the eye or ear towards the object, Nj. 124; sá þeir fólkit á land, they saw the people in the direction of land, Fas. ii. 517: in phrases denoting to be placed, to sit, to be seated, the seat or bench is freq. in the acc. where the dat. would now be used; konungr var þar á land upp, the king was then up the country, the spectator or narrator is conceived as looking from the shore or sea-side, Nj. 46; sitja á miðjan bekk, to be seated on the middle bench, 50; skyldi konungs sæti vera á þann bekk … annat öndvegi var á hinn úæðra pall; hann setti konungs hásæti á miðjan þverpall, Fms. vi. 439, 440, cp. Fagrsk. l. c., Sturl. iii. 182; eru víða fjallbygðir upp á mörkina, in the mark or forest, Eg. 58; var þar mörk mikil á land upp, 229; mannsafnaðr er á land upp (viewed from the sea), Ld. 76; stóll var settr á mótið, Fas. i. 58; beiða fars á skip, to beg a passage, Grág. i. 90.

V. denoting parts of the body; bíta e-n á barka, to bite one in the throat, Ísl. ii. 447; skera á háls, to cut the throat of any one, Nj. 156; brjóta e-n á háls, to break any one’s neck; brjóta e-n á bak, to break any one’s back, Fms. vii. 119; kalinn á kné, frozen to the knees with cold, Hm. 3.

VI. denoting round; láta reipi á háls hesti, round his horse’s neck, 623. 33; leggja söðul á hest, Nj. 83; and ellipt., leggja á, to saddle; breiða feld á hofuð sér, to wrap a cloak over his head, 164; reyta á sik mosa, to gather moss to cover oneself with, 267; spenna hring á hönd, á fingr, Eg. 300.

VII. denoting a burden; stela mat á tvá hesta, hey á fimtán hesta, i. e. a two, a fifteen horse load, Nj. 74: metaph., kjósa feigð á menn, to choose death upon them, i. e. doom them to death, Edda 22.

B. TEMP.

I. of a period of time, at, to; á morgun, to-morrow (í morgun now means the past morning, the morning of to-day), Ísl. ii. 333.

II. if connected with the word day, ‘á’ is now used before a fixed or marked day, a day of the week, a feast day, or the like; á Laugardag, á Sunnudag …, on Saturday, Sunday, the Old Engl. a-Sunday, a-Monday, etc.; á Jóladaginn, Páskadaginn, on Yule and Easter-day; but in old writers more often used ellipt. Sunnudaginn, Jóladaginn …, by dropping the prep. ‘á,’ Fms. viii. 397, Grág. i. 18.

III. connected with ‘dagr’ with the definite article suffixed, ‘á’ denotes a fixed, recurring period or season, in; á daginn, during the day-time, every day in turn, Grett. 91 A.

IV. connected with ‘evening, morning, the seasons,’ with the article; á kveldit, every evening, Ld. 14; á sumarit, every summer, Vd. 128, where the new Ed. Fs. 51 reads sumrum; á haust, every autumn, Eg. 741 (perh. a misprint instead of á haustin or á haustum); á vetrinn, in the winter time, 710; á várit, every spring, Gþl. 347; the sing., however, is very rare in such cases, the old as well as mod. usage prefers the plur.; á nætrnar, by night, Nj. 210; á várin, Eg. 710; á sumrin, haustin, á morgnana, in the morning (á morgin, sing., means to-morrow); á kveldin, in the evening, only ‘dagr’ is used in sing., v. above (á daginn, not á dagana); but elliptically and by dropping the article, Icelanders say, kveld og morgna, nótt og dag, vetr sumar vor og haust, in the same sense as those above mentioned.

V. denoting duration, the article is dropped in the negative phrase, aldri á sinn dag, never during one’s life; aldri á mína daga, never in my life, Bjarn. 8, where a possess. pron. is put between noun and prep., but this phrase is very rare. Such phrases as, á þann dag, that day, and á þenna dag, Stj. 12, 655 xxx. 2. 20, are unclassical.

VI. á dag without article can only be used in a distributive sense, e. g. tvisvar á dag, twice a-day; this use is at present freq. in Icel., yet instances from old writers are not on record.

VII. denoting a movement onward in time, such as, liðið á nótt, dag, kveld, morgun, sumar, vetr, vár, haust (or nóttina, daginn …), jól, páska, föstu, or the like, far on in the night, day …, Edda 33; er á leið vetrinn, when the winter was well on, as the winter wore on, Nj. 126; cp. áliðinn: also in the phrase, hniginn á inn efra aldr, well stricken in years, Ld. 68.

C. Metaph. and in various relations:

I. somewhat metaphorically, denoting an act only (not the place); fara á fund, á vit e-s, to call for one, Eg. 140; koma á ræðu við e-n, to come to a parley with, to speak, 173; ganga á tal, Nj. 103; skora á hólm, to challenge to a duel on an island; koma á grið, to enter into a service, to be domiciled, Grág. i. 151; fara á veiðar, to go a-hunting, Fms. i. 8.

β. generally denoting on, upon, in, to; bjóða vöxtu á féit, to offer interest on the money, Grág. i. 198; ganga á berhögg, to come to blows, v. berhögg; fá á e-n, to make an impression upon one, Nj. 79; ganga á vápn e-s, to throw oneself on an enemy’s weapon, meet him face to face, Rd. 310; ganga á lagið, to press on up the spear-shaft after it has passed through one so as to get near one’s foe, i. e. to avail oneself of the last chance; bera fé á e-n, to bribe, Nj. 62; bera öl á e-n, to make drunk, Fas. i. 13; snúinn á e-t, inclined to, Fms. x. 142; sammælast á e-t, to agree upon, Nj. 86; sættast, verða sáttr á e-t, in the same sense, to come to an agreement, settlement, or atonement, 78, Edda 15, Eb. 288, Ld. 50, Fms. i. 279; ganga á mála, to serve for pay as a soldier, Nj. 121; ganga á vald e-s, to put oneself in his power, 267; ganga á sætt, to break an agreement; vega á veittar trygðir, to break truce, Grág. ii. 169.

II. denoting in regard to, in respect to:

1. of colour, complexion, the hue of the hair, or the like; hvítr, jarpr, dökkr … á hár, having white, brown, or dark … hair, Ísl. ii. 190, Nj. 39; svartr á brún ok brá, dark of brow and eyebrow; dökkr á hörund, id., etc.

2. denoting skill, dexterity; hagr á tré, a good carpenter; hagr á járn, málm, smíðar …, an expert worker in iron, metals …, Eg. 4; fimr á boga, good at the bow: also used of mastership in science or arts, meistari á hörpuslátt, a master in striking the harp, Fas. iii. 220; fræðimaðr á kvæði, knowing many poems by heart, Fms. vi. 391; fræðimaðr á landnámssögur ok forna fræði, a learned scholar in histories and antiquities (of Are Frode), Ísl. ii. 189; mikill á íþrótt, skilful in an art, Edda (pref.) 148; but dat. in the phrase, kunna (vel) á skíðum, to be a cunning skater, Fms. i. 9, vii. 120.

3. denoting dimensions; á hæð, lengd, breidd, dýpt …, in the heighth, length, breadth, depth …, Eg. 277; á hvern veg, on each side, Edda 41 (square miles); á annan veg, on the one side, Grág. i. 89.

β. the phrase, á sik, in regard to oneself, vel (illa) á sik kominn, of a fine ( ugly) appearance, Ld. 100, Fas. iii. 74.

III. denoting instrumentality; bjargast á sínar hendr, to live on the work of one’s own hands, (á sínar spýtur is a mod. phrase in the same sense); (vega) á skálir, pundara, to weigh in scales, Grág. ii. 370; at hann hefði tvá pundara, ok hefði á hinn meira keypt en á hinn minna selt, of a man using two scales, a big one for buying and a little one for selling, Sturl. i. 91; á sinn kostnað, at one’s own expense; nefna e-n á nafn, by name, Grág. i. 17, etc. The Icel. also say, spinna á rokk, snældu, to spin on or with a rock or distaff; mala á kvern, to grind in a ‘querne,’ where Edda 73 uses dat.; esp. of musical instruments, syngja, leika á hljóðfæri, hörpu, gígju …; in the old usage, leika hörpu …, Stj. 458.

IV. denoting the manner or way of doing:

1. á þessa lund, in this wise, Grág. ii. 22; á marga vega, á alla, ymsa vega, in many, all, respects, Fms. i. 114; á sitt hóf, in its turn, respectively, Ld. 136, where the context shews that the expression answers to the Lat. mutatis mutandis; á Þýðersku, after German fashion, Sks. 288.

2. esp. of language; mæla, rita á e-a tungu, to speak, write in a tongue; á Írsku, in Irish, Ld. 76; Norrænu, in Norse, Eb. 330, Vm. 35; a Danska tungu, in Danish, i. e. Scandinavian, Norse, or Icelandic, Grág. i. 18; á Vára tungu, i. e. in Icelandic, 181; rita á Norræna tungu, to write in Norse, Hkr. (pref.), Bs. i. 59:—at present, dat. is sometimes used.

3. in some phrases the acc. is used instead of the dat.; hann sýndi á sik mikit gaman, Fms. x. 329; hann lét ekki á sik finna, he shewed no sign of motion, Nj. 111; skaltú önga fáleika á þik gera (Cod. Kalf.), 14.

V. used in a distributive sense; skal mörk kaupa gæzlu á kú, eðr oxa fim vetra gamlan, a mark for every cow, Grág. i. 147; alin á hvert hross, 442; á mann, per man (now freq.): cp. also á dag above, lit. B.

VI. connected with nouns,

1. prepositional; á hendr (with dat.), against; á hæla, at heel, close behind; á bak, at back, i. e. past, after; á vit (with gen.), towards.

2. adverbially; á braut, away, abroad; á víxl, in turns; á mis, amiss; á víð ok dreif, a-wide and a-drift, i. e. dispersedly.

3. used almost redundantly before the following prep.; á eptir, after, behind; á undan, in front of; á meðal, á milli, among; á mót, against; á við, about, alike; á frá (cp. Swed. ifrån), from (rare); á fyrir = fyrir, Haustl. 1; á hjá, beside (rare); á fram, a-head, forwards; á samt, together; ávalt = of allt, always: following a prep., upp á, upon; niðr á, down upon; ofan á, eptir á, post eventum, (temp.) á eptir is loc., id., etc.

VII. connected with many transitive verbs, answering to the Lat. ad- or in-, in composition, in many cases periphrastically for an objective case. The prep. generally follows after the verb, instead of being prefixed to it as in Lat., and answers to the Engl. on, to; heita kalla, hrópa á, to call on; heyra, hlusta, hlyða á, to hearken to, listen to; hyggja, hugsa á, to think on; minna á, to remind; sjá, líta, horfa, stara, mæna, glápa, koma auga … á, to look on; girnast á, to wish for; trúa á, to believe on; skora á, to call on any one to come out, challenge; kæra á, to accuse; heilsa á, to greet; herja, ganga, ríða, hlaupa, ráða … á, to fall on, attack, cp. ágangr, áreið, áhlaup; ljúga á, to tell lies of, to slander; telja á, to carp at; ausa, tala, hella, kasta, verpa … á, to pour, throw on; ríða, bera, dreifa á, to sprinkle on; vanta, skorta á, to fall short of; ala á, to plead, beg; leggja á, to throw a spell on, lay a saddle on; hætta á, to venture on; gizka á, to guess at; kveða á, to fix on, etc.: in a reciprocal sense, haldast á, of mutual strife; sendast á, to exchange presents; skrifast á, to correspond (mod.); kallast á, to shout mutually; standast á, to coincide, so as to be just opposite one another, etc.

2.

f. [Lat. aqua; Goth. ahva; Hel. aha; A. S. eâ; O. H. G. aha, owa; cp. Germ. ach and aue; Fr. eau, eaux; Engl. Ax-, Ex-, etc., in names of places; Swed.-Dan. å; the Scandinavians absorb the hu, so that only a single vowel or diphthong remains of the whole word]:—a river. The old form in nom. dat. acc. sing. is , v. the introduction to A, page 1, Bs. i. 333 sq., where ́n, ́ (acc.), and ́na; so also Greg. 677; the old fragm. of Grág. ii. 222, 223, new Ed. In the Kb. of the Edda the old form occurs twice, viz. page 75, ́na (acc.), (but two lines below, ána), í ́nni (dat.) The old form also repeatedly occurs in the Kb. and Sb. of the Grág., e. g. ii. 266, 267: gen. sing. ár; nom. pl. ár, gen. á contracted, dat. ám, obsolete form ́m; Edda 43, Eg. 80, 99, 133, 185: proverbs, at ósi skal á stemma, answering to the Lat. principiis obsta, Edda 60; hér kemr á til sæfar, here the river runs into the sea, metaph. = this is the very end, seems to have been a favourite ending of old poems; it is recorded in the Húsdrápa and the Norðsetadrápa, v. Edda 96, Skálda 198; cp. the common saying, oil vötn renna til sævar, ‘all waters run into the sea.’ Rivers with glacier water are in Icel. called Hvítá, White river, or Jökulsá: Hitá, Hot river, from a hot spring, opp. to Kaldá, v. Landn.: others take a name from the fish in them, as Laxá, Lax or Salmon river (freq.); Örriða á, etc.: a tributary river is þverá, etc.: ár in the Njála often means the great rivers Ölfusá and Þjórsá in the south of Iceland. Áin helga, a river in Sweden, Hkr. ii: á is also suffixed to the names of foreign rivers, Tempsá = Thames; Dóná, Danube (Germ. Don-au), (mod.), etc. Vide Edda (Gl.) 116, 117, containing the names of over a hundred North-English and Scottish rivers.

COMPDS: áráll, árbakki, árbrot, ardjúp, árfarvegr, árfors, árgljúfr, árhlutr, ármegin, árminni, ármót, áróss, árreki, árstraumr, árströnd, árvað, árvegr, árvöxtr.

Íslensk-ensk orðabók > Á

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